The design structure matrix is a binary square matrix with n rows and n columns (the elements in the matrix are only spaces or symbols ●).
Matrix type
Donald Steward introduced the design structure matrix in 1981 to analyze the information flow. It is an n-order square matrix used to display the interaction between the various elements in the matrix, which is conducive to the visual analysis of complex projects.
According to different models and the attributes of the problem to be solved, the DSM matrix can be used in the following aspects. The layout of the displayed DSM matrix is as follows: The design structure matrix is a binary square matrix with n rows and n columns (in the matrix The elements are only spaces or symbols ●). The elements of the system are placed in the same order on the left and top of the matrix. If there is a connection between element i and element j, the element ij (row i, column j) in the matrix is ● (or represented by the number 1) ; Otherwise spaces (or represented by the number 0).
In a matrix represented by binary (0 or 1), the diagonal elements are generally not used to describe the system, and are represented by spaces. The binary matrix is helpful for modeling the system, because it can indicate the existence of the relationship between a pair of system elements. Compared with the graphical representation, it provides an overall compact depiction of the entire system element and provides information for various activities. Demand, activity sequence decision and activity iteration control provide effective methods of use.
① Parameter-based DSM
The model is used to analyze the system structure based on parametric interaction. It is constructed by clearly defining the system elements and interaction relationships to be decomposed [1]. Based on the classification of various interaction types between systems, the interaction relationship Appropriate weights are added to make the established DSM more accurate.
In order to reduce the complexity of the coordination of the entire system, it is necessary to perform cluster analysis on the elements of the parameter-based DSM matrix to make it into several subsystems. Several cluster analysis methods have been used in DSM analysis. The relevant results of cluster analysis can be used for task configuration and organizational analysis of integrated product teams.
②Team-based DSM
In the organization analysis and design based on information flow, if the analysis object involves individuals or groups in a project, the team-based DSM needs to be adopted. This method is used in various organizational entities. Team-based [2] DSM constructs the corresponding design team by identifying the required information flow and the direction of the information flow.
In the modeling process, designers must understand the meaning of information flow between teams in order to build the correct model. It shows several characteristics of information flow. Similarly, in order to form a highly interactive work team and reduce the internal interaction space of the team, the formed team-based DSM matrix should also be transformed.
③ Task-based DSM
The DSM matrix contains the various tasks that make up the project and the way in which the information is exchanged between the tasks, from which you can find out what information is needed at the beginning of a task and which tasks the information generated by a task will be provided to. From a row, you can find all the input information tasks of the row, that is, the tasks represented by the corresponding column; from a column, you can see which tasks are the output information of the activity (that is, the activity represented by the corresponding row) absorb.
Below the diagonal line represents the feed forward of the information, while above the diagonal line represents the feedback information, that is, the information flows from the task (the downstream task) to the task (the upstream task). This means that the previous tasks have to be repeated based on new information. The dotted boxes indicate two pairs of interactive tasks.
The design structure matrix adopts a bottom-up approach, first collecting the design parameters of existing products and their interrelationships, and then performing cluster analysis on these design parameters through the transformation of the design structure matrix to fully reflect the existing product development process The actual situation encountered has a strong guiding role in the future product development process.
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