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Xilinx FPGA FPGA Forum

EMBEDDED MULTIPLIERS, ADDERS, ETC.

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Some functions, like multipliers, are inherently slow if they are implemented by connecting a large number of programmable logic blocks together.  Since many applications require these functions, many FPGAs incorporate special hardwired multiplier blocks. These are typically located in close proximity to the embedded RAM blocks introduced in the previous  point because these functions are often used in conjunction with each other  ( Figure 2-11 ).

Bird’s-eye view of chip with columns of embedded multipliers and RAM blockspng

Similarly, some FPGAs offer dedicated adder blocks. One operation  very common in DSP-type applications is called a multiply-and-a ccumulate (MAC) ( Figure 2-12 ). As its name would suggest, this function multiplies two  numbers together and adds the result to a running total stored in an accumulator.

The functions forming a MACpng

Key Concept

If the FPGA you are working with supplies only embedded multipliers, you will  have to implement this function by combining the multiplier with an adder  formed from a number of programmable logic blocks, while the result is stored  in some associated flip-flops, in a block RAM, or in a number of distributed  RAMs. Life becomes a little easier if the FPGA also provides embedded adders,  and some FPGAs provide entire MACs as embedded functions.

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