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In addition to one or more LUTs, a programmable logic block will contain other elements, such as multiplexers and registers. But before we delve into this topic, we first need to wrap our brains around some terminology.
Each FPGA vendor has its own names for things. For example, the core building block in a modern FPGA from Xilinx is called a logic cell (LC). Among other things, an LC comprises a 4-input LUT (which can also act as a 16 1 RAM or a 16-bit shift register), a multiplexer, a register ( Figure 2-7 ).and a register ( Figure 2-7 ).
The illustration presented in Figure 2-7 is a gross simplification, but it serves our purposes here. The register can be configured to act as a flip-flop, as shown in Figure 2-7, or as a latch. The polarity of the clock (rising-edge triggered or falling-edge triggered) can be configured, as can the polarity of the clock enable and set/reset signals (activehigh or active-low). In addition to the LUT, MUX, and register, the LC also contains a smattering of other elements, including some special fast carry logic for use in arithmetic operations (this is discussed in more detail a little later).
Just for reference, the equivalent core building block in an FPGA from Altera is called a logic element (LE). There are a number of differences between a Xilinx LC and an Altera LE, but the overall concepts are very similar.
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